Changes for page Presentations

Last modified by Lizzie Bruce on 2020/01/11 23:39

From 2.2 to 2.3 From 8.1 to 9.1

From version

2.3

edited by Lizzie Bruce
on 2019/10/15 22:51

Change comment: Presentations

To version

8.1

edited by Lizzie Bruce
on 2019/11/23 14:36

Change comment: bullet spacing

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@@ -2,10 +2,12 @@
  (((
  Following this helps:
--* **people using mobiles **
--* **people using tablets**
--* **people using laptops and desktop computers**
--* **people with visual impairments**
++* (% style="color:#333333; font-family:Arial; font-size:13.5pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:700; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)**people with visual impairments **(% style="color:#333333; font-family:Arial; font-size:13.5pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)– minimal, concise, readable text in a large font is easily to see
++* (% style="color:#333333; font-family:Arial; font-size:13.5pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:700; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)**people who are blind**(% style="color:#333333; font-family:Arial; font-size:13.5pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %) – describing your slide content makes it accessible without sight
++* (% style="background-color:#f5f5f5; color:#333333; font-family:Arial; font-size:13.5pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:700; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)**people with hearing impairments**(% style="background-color:#f5f5f5; color:#333333; font-family:Arial; font-size:13.5pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %) – live captioning can make speech accessible without hearing
++* (% style="color:#333333; font-family:Arial; font-size:13.5pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:700; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)**people with cognitive impairments**(% style="color:#333333; font-family:Arial; font-size:13.5pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %) – slide content in clear language reduces cognitive load
++* (% style="color:#333333; font-family:Arial; font-size:13.5pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:700; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)**people with anxiety**(% style="color:#333333; font-family:Arial; font-size:13.5pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %) – clear information, slow pace and repeated questions reduces anxiety about not following
++* (% style="color:#333333; font-family:Arial; font-size:13.5pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:700; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)**people who are not fluent in English**(% style="color:#333333; font-family:Arial; font-size:13.5pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %) – simple language, without complicated expressions or metaphors, is easier to understand
  )))
  ==   ==
@@ -12,118 +12,289 @@
  == Guidance ==
--2 liner summary
++Minimal, clear content and alternative formats will make your presentation more inclusive.
++[[1. Keep text minimal.>>doc:||anchor="#1"]]
--[[1. Minimise the amount of text and number of slides.>>doc:||anchor="#1"]]
++[[2. Use fewer slides not more slides.>>doc:||anchor="#2"]]
--[[2. Avoid multiple bullet points.>>doc:||anchor="#2"]]
++[[3. Keep bullet points short.>>doc:||anchor="#3"]]
--[[3. Include a variety of communication methods.>>doc:||anchor="#3"]]
++[[4. Vary your presentation style.>>doc:||anchor="#4"]]
--[[4. Test content with people using mobiles.>>doc:||anchor="#4"]]
++[[5. Use large font sizes.>>doc:||anchor="#5"]]
--Use good visual contrast.
++[[6. Use good visual contrast.>>doc:||anchor="#6"]]
--Use large fonts.
++[[7. Make graphs and infographics large, clear and simple.>>doc:||anchor="#7"]]
--Use alt text for images on slide decks that are distributed outside of the talk.
++[[8. Do not use many GIFs and animations.>>doc:||anchor="#8"]]
--Call out all visual elements on your slides and in the space you are presenting in.
++[[9. Use captions for video content.>>doc:||anchor="#9"]]
--Don't over-use Gifs and animations.
++[[10. Use alt text for slide decks distributed after, or independently from, the talk. >>doc:||anchor="#10"]]
--Consider using a live captioning service.
--Repeat questions from the audience
++[[11. Consider using a live captioning service.>>doc:||anchor="#11"]]
--Speak slowly and clearly
++[[12. Consider using a sign language service.>>doc:||anchor="#12"]]
--Pause at the start of each slide, then read out the text
++[[13. Test your equipment.>>doc:||anchor="#13"]]
--Face your audience
++[[14. Make sure everyone can move around the room.>>doc:||anchor="#14"]]
--Use a mic. Test all audio equipment before the talk.
--Don't use pointers on your slides.
++[[15. Speak slowly and clearly.>>doc:||anchor="#15"]]
--[[Usability evidence>>doc:||anchor="#UEMD"]]
++[[16. Describe visual elements of slides.>>doc:||anchor="#16"]]
++[[17. Describe visual elements in the room, and silent reactions from participants.>>doc:||anchor="#17"]]
++[[18. Pause at the start of each slide.>>doc:||anchor="#18"]]
++
++[[19. Pause between slides.>>doc:||anchor="#19"]]
++
++[[20. Face your audience.>>doc:||anchor="#20"]]
++
++
++[[21. Do not user presentation pointers.>>doc:||anchor="#21"]]
++
++[[22. Use a microphone.>>doc:||anchor="#22"]]
++
++[[23. Repeat questions from the audience.>>doc:||anchor="#23"]]
++
++[[24. Consider providing alternative channels for audience questions.>>doc:||anchor="#24"]]
++
++[[Usability evidence>>doc:||anchor="#UEP"]]
++
++
  ----
--=== {{id name="#1"/}}1. Minimise the amount of text and number of slides. ===
++=== {{id name="#1"/}}1. Keep text minimal. ===
--Try summarising each point you want to make in 1 sentence. And make the text on each line no more than 7 words: this is optimal for readability. Keeping the text to a minimum allows audience to follow the speaker, not the slide. When you create your slide content, consider people who'll photograph them to refer to or share later.
++(% style="color:#000000; font-family:Arial; font-size:14pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)1 sentence summarising each point you make. Maximum 7 words for each line. This will increase readability. And keeping the text to a minimum allows audience to follow the speaker, not the slide.
--Too many slides can be distracting. On average we only remember around 20% of what we are presented with. Why make it harder?
++(% style="color:#000000; font-family:Arial; font-size:14pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)Consider people who photograph slides to digest later: make sure points make sense out of context of the spoken content.
--=== {{id name="#2"/}}2. Avoid multiple bullet points. ===
++=== {{id name="#2"/}}2. Use fewer slides, not more slides. ===
--They're great for organising but bad for presenting, as it's harder to absorb and remember multiple points from a presentation slide at a time. Consider 1 image or point for each slide.
++(% class="wikigeneratedid" %)
++(% style="color:#000000; font-family:Arial; font-size:14pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)Too many slides are distracting. And on average we only remember around 20% of what we are presented with. Why make it harder?
--=== {{id name="#3"/}}3. Include a variety of communication styles. ===
++=== {{id name="#3"/}}3. Keep bullet points short. ===
--People will be more likely to absorb and remember content from your presentation if you use a range of methods, for example: visual, textual, speech.
++(% style="color:#000000; font-family:Arial; font-size:14pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)Bullet points are not universally agreed to be user-friendly for presentations. (%%)
++\\(% style="color:#000000; font-family:Arial; font-size:14pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)Make sure they at least follow the same rules as your other slide content: no more than 7 words on each line and large font. Consider presenting 1 concept on each slide.
--=== {{id name="#4"/}}4. Test content with people using mobiles. ===
++=== {{id name="#4"/}}4. Vary your presentation style. ===
--Find out how they interpret and interact with the content. Did you write something that can be understood in different ways? Did anyone use their mobile in ways you did not expect?
++(% style="color:#000000; font-family:Arial; font-size:14pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)Pause, ask questions, walk around. Consider including an interactive element or activity in your presentation or talk. This helps your audience stay attentive, as they will be changing between different learning methods.
++=== {{id name="#5"/}}5. Use large font sizes. ===
--Use good visual contrast 3:1 - various tools to check this. Powerpoint has tools built in.
++(% style="color:#000000; font-family:Arial; font-size:14pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)Your presentation text needs to be easily read from the back of the room. Never use a smaller font size than 36pt and choose non-serif.
--Use large fonts. Text needs to be easily read from the back of the room - 36pt minimum, use non-serif of a size larger than you might think - sit as far away from the screen and squint to test.
++=== (% style="color:#000000; font-family:Arial; font-size:14pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)Choose a size larger than you might think, then sit far away from the screen and squint to test. At Content Design London we use a font size of minimum 60pt. This makes it very easy to read.(%%) ===
--Use alt text for slide decks that are distributed outside of the talk. Regardless, explain all images regardless of how obvious you think they are including context, reference to source material etc. Describe pertinent parts of graphics, videos, and other visuals. Describe them to the extent needed to understand the presentation. (You usually do not need to describe decorative images.).
--Remember when asking for people to raise their hands you need to describe the reaction.When using graphs describe the most important point which the graph demonstrates, make sure all labels are as large as possible. twice as large as you think they should be! Avoid 3D graphs - harder to read. Don't use pie charts - hard to read.
++=== {{id name="#6"/}}6. Use good visual contrast. ===
--Don't over-use Gifs and animations - can be distracting especially if they loop, always explain what is happening. Having explanations of video content at the ready also mitigates for them not loading or playing properly.
++(% style="color:#000000; font-family:Arial; font-size:14pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)Various online tools are available to check this, and Powerpoint has built in tools.(%%)
++\\(% style="color:#000000; font-family:Arial; font-size:14pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)WCAG 2.1 recommends 3:1 for large-scale text and images of large-scale text. This applies to text on presentation slides.(%%)
++
--Use captions for video content.
++=== {{id name="#7"/}}7. Make graphs and infographics large, clear and simple. ===
--Consider using a live captioning service for all of your spoken content. Allowing for the time it takes to translate. Auto captioning by Google or Powerpoint requires a good internet connection and is not nearly as accurate as a dedicated live caption service.
++(% style="line-height:1.38" %)
++(% style="color:#000000; font-family:Arial; font-size:14pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)Make sure any graphic content in your presentation can be seen from the back of the room. It may need to be larger than you think. Check that labels are in clear language and large font.
--Repeat questions from the audience, not everyone will hear the question, which makes the answer unintelligible.
++(% style="line-height:1.38" %)
++(% style="color:#000000; font-family:Arial; font-size:14pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)Avoid 3D graphs and pie charts, these are hard to read.
--speak slowly and clearly - this helps with interpreter / lip readers / 2nd language / cognitive impairments. Your delivery will seem slower than it is if you are nervous: slow down. Sign language interpretation means that someone who needs this can only focus on one thing at a time (presenter, interpreter, or slide) and translation takes time so allow for this when referring to slides. Pause between slides - give people time to process the information.
++(% style="line-height:1.38" %)
++(% style="color:#000000; font-family:Arial; font-size:14pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)Avoid including complex graphs to convey information. Explain information about the data simply, introducing 1 piece of information at a time. This reduces cognitive load for your audience.
--Pause at the start of each slide to allow for deaf and hard of hearing to read it. Then start by reading it for the blind or partially sighted.
--Face your audience, as close as possible - helps especially with lip-readers, but we all have less cognitive load when we can see the face of the person speaking.
++=== {{id name="#8"/}}8. Do not use many GIFs and animations. ===
--Use a mic. Some assistive tech will require it. For example: ALDs/hearing loops and remote CART writers.
++(% style="color:#000000; font-family:Arial; font-size:14pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)These can be distracting, especially if they loop. Always explain what is happening.
--Take audience questions via a mic so that everyone can hear. Note that asking questions in a crowd can be intimidating and hard for many reasons like disability - consider using alternatives like Slido so people can type their questions. Avoid "Can you hear me OK?" This is not a question everyone will be comfortable replying to.
--Test the amplification, speakers, and mics before the talk.
++=== {{id name="#9"/}}9. Use captions for video content. ===
--don't use pointers on your slides - they are distracting
++(% style="color:#000000; font-family:Arial; font-size:18.6667px; white-space:pre-wrap" %)This allows deaf attendees to access the information provided through video, if they are able to read.
++(% style="color:#000000; font-family:Arial; font-size:14pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)Having explanations of video content ready also helps you as a presenter, if they do not load or play properly.
++=== {{id name="#10"/}}10. Use alt text for slide decks distributed after, or independently from, the talk. ===
++(% style="color:#000000; font-family:Arial; font-size:14pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)If people will access your slide deck out of context of the talk:
++
++* (% style="color:#000000; font-family:Arial; font-size:14pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)include alt text on images and GIFs
++* (% style="color:#000000; font-family:Arial; font-size:14pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)caption video content
++
++(% class="wikigeneratedid" %)
++===   ===
++
++=== {{id name="#11"/}}11. Consider using a live captioning service. ===
++
++(% style="color:#000000; font-family:Arial; font-size:14pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)Allow for the time it takes to translate spoken content. Auto captioning by Google or Powerpoint requires a good internet connection and is not as accurate as a dedicated live caption service.
++
++
++=== {{id name="#12"/}}12. Consider using a sign language service. ===
++
++(% style="color:#000000; font-family:Arial; font-size:14pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)Some audience members may have communicated through sign language from birth. English will be a second language for them if they speak it at all. (%%)
++\\(% style="color:#000000; font-family:Arial; font-size:14pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)Including sign language access to your presentation will open your presentation or talk up to another audience segment. However Content Design London was advised that currently there are not enough sign language translators. So be aware of that too, as there may be a greater need for sign language translation at another event happening at the same time.
++
++
++=== {{id name="#13"/}}13. Test your equipment. ===
++
++(% style="color:#000000; font-family:Arial; font-size:14pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)Make sure these are working as you expect:
++
++* (% style="color:#000000; font-family:Arial; font-size:14pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)presentation display contrast – you may have to adjust light levels in the space
++* (% style="color:#000000; font-family:Arial; font-size:14pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)amplification, speakers and microphones – check these are functioning
++
++(% class="wikigeneratedid" %)
++===   ===
++
++=== {{id name="#14"/}}14. Make sure everyone can move around the room. ===
++
++=== (% style="color:#000000; font-family:Arial; font-size:14pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)Check the space is accessible for blind participants who may be using canes to navigate.(%%) ===
++
++(% style="color:#000000; font-family:Arial; font-size:14pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)Make sure bags and equipment are not a trip hazard. Ask participants to put their bags under their desk or seat.
++
++
++=== {{id name="#15"/}}15. Speak slowly and clearly. ===
++
++=== (% style="color:#000000; font-family:Arial; font-size:14pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)Your delivery will seem slower than it is if you are nervous: slow down. (%%) ===
++
++=== (% style="color:#000000; font-family:Arial; font-size:14pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)This will allow participants using sign language interpretation to focus on 1 thing at a time: presenter, interpreter, or slide. Translation to sign or live captioning takes time, so allow for this, especially when referring to slides. (%%) ===
++
++=== (% style="color:#000000; font-family:Arial; font-size:14pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)Speaking slowly and clearly also makes your spoken content clearer for:(%%) ===
++
++* (((
++=== (% style="color:#000000; font-family:Arial; font-size:14pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)lip readers(%%) ===
++)))
++* (((
++=== (% style="color:#000000; font-family:Arial; font-size:14pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)people with cognitive impairments(%%) ===
++)))
++* (((
++=== (% style="color:#000000; font-family:Arial; font-size:14pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)audience members not fluent in the presentation language(%%) ===
++)))
++
++(% class="wikigeneratedid" %)
++===   ===
++
++=== {{id name="#16"/}}16. Describe visual elements of slides. ===
++
++(% style="color:#000000; font-family:Arial; font-size:14pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)Explain all images. Include context and reference the source material. You do not need to describe purely decorative images.
++
++(% style="color:#000000; font-family:Arial; font-size:14pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)Describe graphics, videos and other visuals to the extent needed to understand your presentation. For example explain the important points a graph demonstrates. This will also help participants who find graphs hard to interpret.
++
++(% style="color:#000000; font-family:Arial; font-size:14pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)Text is also a visual element of your slide. Make sure what you have as written content on your slide is covered by what you say while you are showing that slide.
++
++
++(% style="line-height: 1.38;" %)
++=== {{id name="#17"/}}17. Describe visual elements in the room, and silent reaction from participants. ===
++
++(% style="line-height:1.38" %)
++(% style="color:#000000; font-family:Arial; font-size:14pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)If, for example, you say something is “the height of that table” add that the table is about 1 metre high, or however high it is.
++
++(% style="color:#000000; font-family:Arial; font-size:14pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)If 1 of the participants has a reaction during a group discussion that sighted participants can notice, describe this, for example “Louisa is nodding.”
++
++
++=== {{id name="#18"/}}18. Pause at the start of each slide. ===
++
++(% style="color:#000000; font-family:Arial; font-size:14pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)This allows deaf people and people without full hearing to read it, before lip-reading or reading the live captions of what you say.
++
++(% style="color:#000000; font-family:Arial; font-size:14pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)Similarly, it allows people who can read to read what is on the slide in full and not miss the first thing you say because they are still reading.
++
++(% style="color:#000000; font-family:Arial; font-size:14pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)This is particularly helpful for people with cognitive impairments who may find it very difficult to understand 2 different things at the same time.
++
++
++=== {{id name="#19"/}}19. Pause between slides. ===
++
++(% style="line-height:1.38" %)
++(% style="color:#000000; font-family:Arial; font-size:14pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)This gives people time to process the information.
++
++
++(% style="line-height: 1.38;" %)
++=== {{id name="#20"/}}20. Face your audience. ===
++
++(% style="line-height:1.38" %)
++(% style="color:#000000; font-family:Arial; font-size:14pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)This especially helps participants who are lip-reading, but we all have less cognitive load when we can see the face of the person speaking.
++
++(% style="color:#000000; font-family:Arial; font-size:14pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)Try to stand as close to the audience as possible. Move around the space if you can so that people have as equal as possible an experience.
++
++
++=== {{id name="#21"/}}21. Do not user presentation pointers. ===
++
++(% style="color:#000000; font-family:Arial; font-size:14pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)They are distracting. Let audience members absorb the material you present at their own pace.
++
++
++(% style="line-height: 1.38;" %)
++=== {{id name="#22"/}}22. Use a microphone. ===
++
++(% style="line-height:1.38" %)
++(% style="color:#000000; font-family:Arial; font-size:14pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)Some assistive tech requires it. For example: ALDs/hearing loops and remote CART writers.
++
++(% style="color:#000000; font-family:Arial; font-size:14pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)Avoid "Can you hear me OK?" This is not a question everyone will be comfortable replying to.
++
++
++=== {{id name="#23"/}}23. Repeat questions from the audience. ===
++
++=== (% style="color:#000000; font-family:Arial; font-size:14pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)Take audience questions using a microphone, so that everyone can hear.(%%) ===
++
++=== (% style="color:#000000; font-family:Arial; font-size:14pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)Even with a microphone, it’s possible not everyone will hear or understand the question. This could be because the question is phrased in a complex way. Or the person has a strong accent, or is not speaking loudly and clearly enough for everyone to understand, even with the microphone.(%%) ===
++
++=== (% style="color:#000000; font-family:Arial; font-size:14pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)When asking for people to raise their hands, describe the reaction. For example, “Ahh, we have about 5 people with their hands up. Let’s start with the man at the back in the green jumper.”(%%) ===
++
++
++=== {{id name="#24"/}}24. Consider providing alternative channels for audience questions. ===
++
++(% style="color:#000000; font-family:Arial; font-size:14pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)Asking questions in a crowd can be intimidating. It can be an access challenge. Be respectful of this. Be patient: do not rush or pressurise anyone. Allow them to ask their question in their own style.
++
++(% style="color:#000000; font-family:Arial; font-size:14pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)Consider alternatives like Slido, an application that allows people to type and post their questions to the presenter.
++
++(% style="color:#000000; font-family:Arial; font-size:14pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)Give everyone a chance, try not to let 1 audience member dominate the question and answer session.
++
++(% style="color:#000000; font-family:Arial; font-size:14pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)If there are no questions, politely thank your audience and finish.
++
++
  ----
  ==
--{{id name="#UEMD"/}}Usability evidence ==
++{{id name="#UEP"/}}Usability evidence ==
--Sig Access Accessibile Writing Guide [[http:~~/~~/www.sigaccess.org/welcome-to-sigaccess/resources/accessible-writing-guide/>>url:http://www.sigaccess.org/welcome-to-sigaccess/resources/accessible-writing-guide/]]
++[[Accessible Writing Guide>>http://www.sigaccess.org/welcome-to-sigaccess/resources/accessible-writing-guide/]] (% style="color:#000000; font-family:Arial; font-size:14pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)Anna Cavender, Shari Trewin, Vicki Hanson, Sig Access: Special Interest Group on Accessible Computing, 2015
--W3C How to Make Your Presentations Accessible to All [[https:~~/~~/www.w3.org/WAI/teach-advocate/accessible-presentations/#basics-for-organizers~~-~~-speakers>>url:https://www.w3.org/WAI/teach-advocate/accessible-presentations/#basics-for-organizers--speakers]]
++(% style="color:#000000; font-family:Arial; font-size:14pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)[[How to make your presentations accessible to all>>https://www.w3.org/WAI/teach-advocate/accessible-presentations/]], W3.org, (% style="background-color:#ffffff; color:#222222; font-family:Arial; font-size:14pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)World Wide Web Consortium, May 2018
--WebAIM PowerPoint Accessibility [[https:~~/~~/webaim.org/techniques/powerpoint/>>url:https://webaim.org/techniques/powerpoint/]]
++(% style="color:#000000; font-family:Arial; font-size:14pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)[[PowerPoint Accessibility>>https://webaim.org/techniques/powerpoint/]], WebAIM, 2019
++(% style="color:#000000; font-family:Arial; font-size:14pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)[[Running Accessible Meetings and Events>>https://medium.com/age-of-awareness/running-accessible-meetings-and-events-5efcd9c4a3df ]], Sheri Byrne-Haber, CPACC Certified Accessibility professional, March 2019. We acknowledge Medium.com is not wholly accessible and will update this link if we find the article available in an alternative format.
++(% style="color:#000000; font-family:Arial; font-size:14pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)[[The Use of Visualization in the Communication of Business Strategies: An Experimental Evaluation>>https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/2329488414525444]], (% style="background-color:#ffffff; color:#000000; font-family:Arial; font-size:14pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)Sebastian Kernbach, Martin J. Eppler, Sabrina Bresciani, 2014. Paywall: need account or pay download cost to access.
++
++(% style="color:#000000; font-family:Arial; font-size:14pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)[[Guidelines to PowerPoint Presentations: online PDF>>https://www.rnib.org.uk/sites/default/files/WBU%20visual%20presentations%20guidelines.pdf ]], World Blind Union, 2017, hosted on RNIB website
++
++(% style="color:#000000; font-family:Arial; font-size:14pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)[[Guidelines to PowerPoint Presentations: download PDF>>http://www.internationaldisabilityalliance.org/resources/world-blind-union-guidelines-powerpoint-presentations ]], World Blind Union, 2017, International Disability Alliance website
++
++(% style="line-height:1.38" %)
++(% style="color:#000000; font-family:Arial; font-size:14pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)[[5 Strategies for Presenting UX Remotely>>5 Strategies for Presenting UX Remotely||anchor="https://www.nngroup.com/articles/presenting-remotely/"]], Sarah Gibbons, NNg Nielson Norman Group, 2017. Tips on making remote presentations more human and usable: some apply to on-site presentations too and reinforce other evidence we’ve collected.
++
++(% style="color:#0b0c0c; font-family:Arial; font-size:14pt; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:400; text-decoration:none; white-space:pre-wrap" %)[[Doing the hard work to make talks readable>>https://gds.blog.gov.uk/2016/05/10/doing-the-hard-work-to-make-talks-readable/ ]], Giles Turnbull, Government Digital Service blog, 2016
++
++
  (% class="box" %)
  (((
  See also:
  * [[Plain English>>doc:Plain English.Plain English, simple sentences.WebHome]]
--* Simple sentences
++* [[Simple sentences>>Simple sentences]]
  )))

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