Changes for page Simple sentences

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4	4
5	5	* **people in a hurry** – simply written content is easier to scan and absorb instantly
6	6	* **people who are stressed** – if you're anxious you find it harder to comprehend things
7		-* **people who are multi-tasking** – if you're holding a baby or a running business your attention's divided
8		-* **cognitive impairments** – easy to understand words and sentences carry less cognitive load
9		-* **visual impairments** – short and simple sentences convey meaning in a smaller visual field
10		-* **motor impairments** – it's less tiring when you can understand what you read quickly
	7	+* **people who are multi-tasking** – if you're distracted it's hard to comprehend convoluted structures
	8	+* **cognitive impairments** – shorter, non-complex sentences carry less cognitive load
	9	+* **visual impairments** – short, simple sentences convey meaning in a smaller visual field
	10	+* **motor impairments** – clear, concise content is shorted so requires less navigation
11	11	)))
12	12
13	13	==
14	14	Guidelines ==
15	15
16		-* [[Simple sentences>>url:https://readabilityguidelines.myxwiki.org/xwiki/bin/view/Plain%20English/Plain%20English%2C%20simple%20sentences/#ssl]]
	16	+Short, simple sentences are better on the web than long, protracted prose with complex syntax. WCAG says: "using the clearest and simplest language appropriate is highly desirable."
17	17
	18	+
	19	+(% class="wikigeneratedid" id="H1.MakeyouraveragesentenceA015wordslong." %)
	20	+[[1. Make your average sentence 15 words long.>>doc:||anchor="#1"]]
	21	+
	22	+(% class="wikigeneratedid" id="H2.A0Avoidcomplexsentencestructures." %)
	23	+[[2. Avoid complex sentence structures.>>doc:||anchor="#2"]]
	24	+
	25	+(% class="wikigeneratedid" %)
	26	+[[Usability evidence>>doc:||anchor="#UESS"]]
	27	+
	28	+
18	18	----
19	19
20		-==
21		-Simple sentences ==
	31	+== ==
22	22
23		-=== 1. Make your average sentence 15 words long. ===
	33	+=== {{id name="#1"/}}1. Make your average sentence 15 words long. ===
24	24
25	25	The maximum sentence length for a good level of comprehension is 25 words. Split long sentences up into 2 or 3, or use bullet points.
26	26
27		-Oxford Guide to plain English, GOV.UK and linguists agree 15 word sentences are fine but above 40 words is hard to understand.
	37	+Oxford Guide to plain English, GOV.UK and linguists agree:
28	28
	39	+* 15 word sentences are more likely to be comprehensible
	40	+* 25 words is a good maximum sentence length limit
	41	+* above 40 words sentences are hard to comprehend easily
	42	+
29	29
30		-=== 2. Avoid complex sentence structures. ===
	44	+Example:
31	31
	46	+(% class="mark" %)This sentence is about 15 words long and is easy to understand. (%%)
	47	+
	48	+
	49	+=== {{id name="#2"/}}2. Avoid complex sentence structures. ===
	50	+
32	32	They are less easy to comprehend quickly. Understanding them requires more cognitive effort than simple sentences.
33	33
34	34
...	...	@@ -38,18 +38,17 @@
38	38	* distribution of associated words across the sentence – how easily can the brain 'parse a phrase': recognise, connect and comprehend words that together convey meaning
39	39
40	40
41		->Example:"The red fox jumped over the gate." – easier to understand
42		->"The fox, which was red, over the gate jumped." – harder to understand
	60	+Example:
	61	+\\(% class="mark" %)"The red fox jumped over the gate." – easier to understand
	62	+"The fox, which was red, over the gate jumped." – harder to understand
43	43
44	44
45		-== Usability evidence: simple sentences ==
	65	+----
46	46
47		-Oxford Guide to plain English
	67	+== {{id name="#UESS"/}}Usability evidence: simple sentences ==
48	48
49		-Jyoti Sanyal 'Indlish'
	69	+[[Oxford Guide to plain English>>https://global.oup.com/academic/product/oxford-guide-to-plain-english-9780199669172?cc=gb&lang=en&]] , Oxford University Press, 2013
50	50
51		-Author Ann Wylie
52		-
53	53	[[Writing for GOV.UK>>url:https://www.gov.uk/guidance/content-design/writing-for-gov-uk]], UK Government website
54	54
55	55	[['Sentence length: why 25 words is our limit'>>url:https://insidegovuk.blog.gov.uk/2014/08/04/sentence-length-why-25-words-is-our-limit/]], Inside GOV.UK, UK Government blog, 2014
...	...	@@ -56,8 +56,10 @@
56	56
57	57	[['Content design'>>url:https://contentdesign.london/book/]], Sarah Richards, 2017
58	58
59		-[['The role of word difficulty and sentence length in text comprehension'>>url:https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a114935.pdf]], T. M. Duffy and P. K. U'Ren, 1982
	77	+[['Short sentences boost readability, Nearly 140 years of research proves it'>> https://www.wyliecomm.com/2018/08/short-sentences-boost-readability/]] A. Wylie, 2018
60	60
	79	+[['The role of word difficulty and sentence length in text comprehension'>>https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED215330]], T. M. Duffy and P. K. U'Ren, 1982
	80	+
61	61	[['The Influence of Semantics and Syntax on What Readers Remember'>>url:https://www.hcde.washington.edu/files/people/docs/Isakson_Spyridakis_Sem_Syn.pdf]], C. S. Isakson and J. H. Spyridakis, 1999
62	62
63	63	[['How the brain attunes to sentence processing: Relating behavior, structure, and function'>>url:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4819595/]], A. Fengler, L. Meyer, A. D. Friederici, National Center for Biotechnology Information
...	...	@@ -66,9 +66,11 @@
66	66
67	67	[[Reading Level>>url:https://www.w3.org/TR/UNDERSTANDING-WCAG20/meaning-supplements.html]], Understanding SC 3.1.5, WCAG, 2008
68	68
	89	+[['Indlish: The book for every English-speaking Indian'>>http://www.vivagroupindia.com/frmBookDetail.aspx?BookId=5020&Status=C]], J. Sanyal, 2006. Book.
	90	+
69	69	[['Readability Assessment of Internet-Based Consumer Health Information'>>url:http://rc.rcjournal.com/content/53/10/1310/tab-pdf]], T. M. Walsh and T. A. Volsko in Respiratory Care October 2008, 53 (10) 1310-1315
70	70
71		-[['The research basis of plain language techniques: Implications for establishing standards'>>url:https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Karen_Schriver/publication/285927928_The_research_basis_of_plain_language_techniques_Implications_for_establishing_standards/links/5664c50208ae192bbf90aa85/The-research-basis-of-plain-language-techniques-Implications-for-establishing-standards.pdf]], Karen Schriver, PhD, Dr. A. L. Cheek, M. Mercer, Center for Plain Language, November 20, 2008, Mexico City
	93	+[['The research basis of plain language techniques: Implications for establishing standards'>>url:https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Karen_Schriver/publication/285927928_The_research_basis_of_plain_language_techniques_Implications_for_establishing_standards/links/5664c50208ae192bbf90aa85/The-research-basis-of-plain-language-techniques-Implications-for-establishing-standards.pdf]], K. Schriver, PhD, Dr. A. L. Cheek, M. Mercer, Center for Plain Language, November 20, 2008, Mexico City
72	72
73	73	[['Readability Levels of Health-Based Websites: From Content to Comprehension'>>url:https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ851863.pdf]], M. Schutten, A. McFarland, PhD, International Electronic Journal of Health Education, 2009, 12:99-107
74	74
...	...	@@ -76,9 +76,9 @@
76	76
77	77	[[Plain Language Commission style guide>>url:https://irp-cdn.multiscreensite.com/aaf9e928/files/uploaded/PLCstyleguide25July2012.pdf]], 2012
78	78
79		-[['Shorter Lines Facilitate Reading in Those Who Struggle'>>url:https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0071161]], Matthew H. Schneps , Jenny M. Thomson, Gerhard Sonnert, Marc Pomplun, Chen Chen, Amanda Heffner-Wong, 2013
	101	+[['Shorter Lines Facilitate Reading in Those Who Struggle'>>url:https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0071161]], M. H. Schneps , J. M. Thomson, G. Sonnert, M. Pomplun, C. Chen, A. Heffner-Wong, 2013
80	80
81		-[['Towards a better measure of readability: Explanation of empirical performance results'>>url:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00437956.1989.11435805]], Leslie A. Olsen & Rod Johnson, Taylor & Francis Group, 2015
	103	+[['Towards a better measure of readability: Explanation of empirical performance results'>>url:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00437956.1989.11435805]], L. A. Olsen, R. Johnson, Taylor and Francis Group, 2015
82	82
83	83	[['What is plain language?'>>url:https://plainlanguagenetwork.org/plain-language/what-is-plain-language/]], Plain Language Association International, 2015
84	84
...	...	@@ -86,16 +86,19 @@
86	86
87	87	[['Understanding Plain English summaries. A comparison of two approaches to improve the quality of Plain English summaries in research reports.'>>url:https://researchinvolvement.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40900-017-0064-0]] 2017
88	88
89		-[['How to use Yoast SEO: The readability analysis?'>>url:https://yoast.com/yoast-seo-readability-analysis/]] Edwin Toonen, Yoast, 2018
	111	+[['How to use Yoast SEO: The readability analysis?'>>url:https://yoast.com/yoast-seo-readability-analysis/]] E. Toonen, Yoast, 2018
90	90
91		-[[The Crystal Mark standard>>url:http://www.plainenglish.co.uk/services/crystal-mark/7-the-crystal-mark-standard.html]] Plain English Campaign, undated
	113	+[[The Crystal Mark standard>>url:http://www.plainenglish.co.uk/services/crystal-mark/7-the-crystal-mark-standard.html]] Plain English Campaign. Undated.
92	92
93	93
94	94	----
95	95
	118	+(% class="box" %)
	119	+(((
96	96	See also:
97	97
98		-* Plain English
99		-* [[Specialist terms>>url:https://readabilityguidelines.myxwiki.org/xwiki/bin/view/Plain%20English/Plain%20English%2C%20simple%20sentences/#st]]
100		-* [[Law, medicine, money>>url:https://readabilityguidelines.myxwiki.org/xwiki/bin/view/Plain%20English/Medical/]]
101		-* [[Words to avoid>>url:https://readabilityguidelines.myxwiki.org/xwiki/bin/view/Plain%20English/Words%20to%20avoid/]]
	122	+* [[Plain English>>doc:Plain English.Plain English, simple sentences.WebHome]]
	123	+* [[Specialist terms>>doc:Plain English.Specialist terms.WebHome]]
	124	+* [[Law, medicine, money>>doc:Plain English.Medical.WebHome]]
	125	+* [[Words to avoid>>doc:Plain English.Words to avoid.WebHome]]
	126	+)))