Changes for page Simple sentences

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1		-(% class="box" %)
2		-(((
3		-Following this helps:
4		-
5		-* **people in a hurry** – simply written content is easier to scan and absorb instantly
6		-* **people who are stressed** – if you're anxious you find it harder to comprehend things
7		-* **people who are multi-tasking** – if you're distracted it's hard to comprehend convoluted structures
8		-* **cognitive impairments** – shorter, non-complex sentences carry less cognitive load
9		-* **visual impairments** – short, simple sentences convey meaning in a smaller visual field
10		-* **motor impairments** – clear, concise content is shorted so requires less navigation
11		-)))
12		-
13		-==
14		-Guidelines ==
15		-
16		-Short, simple sentences are better on the web than long, protracted prose with complex syntax. WCAG says: "using the clearest and simplest language appropriate is highly desirable."
17		-
18		-
19		-(% class="wikigeneratedid" id="H1.MakeyouraveragesentenceA015wordslong." %)
20		-[[1. Make your average sentence 15 words long.>>doc:||anchor="#1"]]
21		-
22		-(% class="wikigeneratedid" id="H2.A0Avoidcomplexsentencestructures." %)
23		-[[2. Avoid complex sentence structures.>>doc:||anchor="#2"]]
24		-
25		-(% class="wikigeneratedid" %)
26		-[[Usability evidence>>doc:||anchor="#UESS"]]
27		-
28		-
29		-----
30		-
31		-== ==
32		-
33		-=== {{id name="#1"/}}1. Make your average sentence 15 words long. ===
34		-
35		-The maximum sentence length for a good level of comprehension is 25 words. Split long sentences up into 2 or 3, or use bullet points.
36		-
37		-Oxford Guide to plain English, GOV.UK and linguists agree:
38		-
39		-* 15 word sentences are more likely to be comprehensible
40		-* 25 words is a good maximum sentence length limit
41		-* above 40 words sentences are hard to comprehend easily
42		-
43		-
44		-Example:
45		-
46		-(% class="mark" %)This sentence is about 15 words long and is easy to understand. (%%)
47		-
48		-
49		-=== {{id name="#2"/}}2. Avoid complex sentence structures. ===
50		-
51		-They are less easy to comprehend quickly. Understanding them requires more cognitive effort than simple sentences.
52		-
53		-
54		-Complexity depends on:
55		-
56		-* number of clauses in a sentence, the more clauses the more complex it is
57		-* distribution of associated words across the sentence – how easily can the brain 'parse a phrase': recognise, connect and comprehend words that together convey meaning
58		-
59		-
60		-Example:
61		-\\(% class="mark" %)"The red fox jumped over the gate." – easier to understand
62		-"The fox, which was red, over the gate jumped." – harder to understand
63		-
64		-
65		-----
66		-
67		-== {{id name="#UESS"/}}Usability evidence: simple sentences ==
68		-
69		-[[Oxford Guide to plain English>>https://global.oup.com/academic/product/oxford-guide-to-plain-english-9780199669172?cc=gb&lang=en&]] , Oxford University Press, 2013
70		-
71		-[[Writing for GOV.UK>>url:https://www.gov.uk/guidance/content-design/writing-for-gov-uk]], UK Government website
72		-
73		-[['Sentence length: why 25 words is our limit'>>url:https://insidegovuk.blog.gov.uk/2014/08/04/sentence-length-why-25-words-is-our-limit/]], Inside GOV.UK, UK Government blog, 2014
74		-
75		-[['Content design'>>url:https://contentdesign.london/book/]], Sarah Richards, 2017
76		-
77		-[['Short sentences boost readability, Nearly 140 years of research proves it'>> https://www.wyliecomm.com/2018/08/short-sentences-boost-readability/]] A. Wylie, 2018
78		-
79		-[['Indlish: The book for every English-speaking Indian'>>http://www.vivagroupindia.com/frmBookDetail.aspx?BookId=5020&Status=C]], J. Sanyal, 2006. Book.
80		-
81		-[['The role of word difficulty and sentence length in text comprehension'>>https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED215330]], T. M. Duffy and P. K. U'Ren, 1982
82		-
83		-[['The Influence of Semantics and Syntax on What Readers Remember'>>url:https://www.hcde.washington.edu/files/people/docs/Isakson_Spyridakis_Sem_Syn.pdf]], C. S. Isakson and J. H. Spyridakis, 1999
84		-
85		-[['How the brain attunes to sentence processing: Relating behavior, structure, and function'>>url:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4819595/]], A. Fengler, L. Meyer, A. D. Friederici, National Center for Biotechnology Information
86		-
87		-[['Functional Analysis of Clause Complex in the Language of News Websites Texts: A Comparative Study of Two Articles'>>url:http://www.ijsrp.org/research-paper-0616/ijsrp-p5445.pdf]], F. M. S. Eid, International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 6, Issue 6, June 2016
88		-
89		-[[Reading Level>>url:https://www.w3.org/TR/UNDERSTANDING-WCAG20/meaning-supplements.html]], Understanding SC 3.1.5, WCAG, 2008
90		-
91		-[['Readability Assessment of Internet-Based Consumer Health Information'>>url:http://rc.rcjournal.com/content/53/10/1310/tab-pdf]], T. M. Walsh and T. A. Volsko in Respiratory Care October 2008, 53 (10) 1310-1315
92		-
93		-[['The research basis of plain language techniques: Implications for establishing standards'>>url:https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Karen_Schriver/publication/285927928_The_research_basis_of_plain_language_techniques_Implications_for_establishing_standards/links/5664c50208ae192bbf90aa85/The-research-basis-of-plain-language-techniques-Implications-for-establishing-standards.pdf]], K. Schriver, PhD, Dr. A. L. Cheek, M. Mercer, Center for Plain Language, November 20, 2008, Mexico City
94		-
95		-[['Readability Levels of Health-Based Websites: From Content to Comprehension'>>url:https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ851863.pdf]], M. Schutten, A. McFarland, PhD, International Electronic Journal of Health Education, 2009, 12:99-107
96		-
97		-[['Writing smaller'>>url:http://clarity-international.net/journals/63.pdf]], Clarity Journal no. 63, 2010
98		-
99		-[[Plain Language Commission style guide>>url:https://irp-cdn.multiscreensite.com/aaf9e928/files/uploaded/PLCstyleguide25July2012.pdf]], 2012
100		-
101		-[['Shorter Lines Facilitate Reading in Those Who Struggle'>>url:https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0071161]], M. H. Schneps , J. M. Thomson, G. Sonnert, M. Pomplun, C. Chen, A. Heffner-Wong, 2013
102		-
103		-[['Towards a better measure of readability: Explanation of empirical performance results'>>url:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00437956.1989.11435805]], L. A. Olsen, R. Johnson, Taylor and Francis Group, 2015
104		-
105		-[['What is plain language?'>>url:https://plainlanguagenetwork.org/plain-language/what-is-plain-language/]], Plain Language Association International, 2015
106		-
107		-[[Text complexity, ATOS, and Lexile® Measures>>url:https://www.renaissance.com/products/practice/accelerated-reader-360/atos-and-text-complexity/]], Renaissance Learning, 2016
108		-
109		-[['Understanding Plain English summaries. A comparison of two approaches to improve the quality of Plain English summaries in research reports.'>>url:https://researchinvolvement.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40900-017-0064-0]] E. Kirkpatrick, W. Gaisford, E. Williams, E. Brindley, D. Tembo, D. Wright, 2017
110		-
111		-[['How to use Yoast SEO: The readability analysis?'>>url:https://yoast.com/yoast-seo-readability-analysis/]] E. Toonen, Yoast, 2018
112		-
113		-[[The Crystal Mark standard>>url:http://www.plainenglish.co.uk/services/crystal-mark/7-the-crystal-mark-standard.html]] Plain English Campaign. Undated.
114		-
115		-
116		-----
117		-
118		-(% class="box" %)
119		-(((
120		-See also:
121		-
122		-* [[Plain English>>doc:Plain English.Plain English, simple sentences.WebHome]]
123		-* [[Specialist terms>>doc:Plain English.Specialist terms.WebHome]]
124		-* [[Law, medicine, money>>doc:Plain English.Medical.WebHome]]
125		-* [[Words to avoid>>doc:Plain English.Words to avoid.WebHome]]
126		-)))
	1	+Please go to [[readabilityguidelines.co.uk/clear-language/simple-sentences>>url:https://readabilityguidelines.co.uk/clear-language/simple-sentences/]].