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1.3 | 1 | (% class="box" %) |
| 2 | ((( | ||
| 3 | Following this helps: | ||
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1.7 | 4 | |
| 5 | * **people in a hurry** – clear, specific data and numbers are quicker to scan and comprehend. | ||
| 6 | * **people who are stressed** – not having to decipher fractions makes content easier to absorb. | ||
| 7 | * **people who are multi-tasking** – if your attention's divided clear, specific data is more helpful. | ||
| 8 | * **cognitive impairments** – easy to understand figures carry less cognitive load | ||
| 9 | * **visual impairments** – numerals are easy to spot in a smaller visual focus field | ||
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1.3 | 10 | ))) |
| 11 | |||
| 12 | == | ||
| 13 | Guidance == | ||
| 14 | |||
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1.6 | 15 | [[1. Use numerals instead of words for numbers.>>doc:||anchor="#1"]] |
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1.3 | 16 | |
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1.6 | 17 | [[2. Choose clear typography.>>doc:||anchor="#2"]] |
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1.3 | 18 | |
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1.15 | 19 | [[3. Be specific with data.>>doc:||anchor="#3"]] |
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1.3 | 20 | |
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1.6 | 21 | [[4. Use percentages.>>doc:||anchor="#4"]] |
| 22 | |||
| 23 | [[5. Use "to" for number ranges, not a hyphen.>>doc:||anchor="#5"]] | ||
| 24 | |||
| 25 | [[6. Use years and months not just months.>>doc:||anchor="#6"]] | ||
| 26 | |||
| 27 | [[7. Use a space before KB and MB.>>doc:||anchor="#7"]] | ||
| 28 | |||
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12.1 | 29 | [[8. Spell out month in dates, write day as a numeral without "st", "nd" or "th".>>doc:||anchor="#8"]] |
| 30 | |||
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1.6 | 31 | [[Usability evidence>>doc:||anchor="UEN"]] |
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| 33 | |||
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1.3 | 34 | ---- |
| 35 | |||
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1.6 | 36 | === {{id name="#1"/}}1. Use numerals instead of words for numbers. === |
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1.3 | 37 | |
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1.6 | 38 | They are easier to scan read. It's more consistent to always use numerals rather than have a variety of rules for different sentence structures. |
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1.3 | 39 | |
| 40 | |||
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1.6 | 41 | Example: |
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1.3 | 42 | |
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1.6 | 43 | "You’ll be shown (% class="mark" %)14 clips(%%) that feature everyday road scenes. |
| 44 | |||
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1.3 | 45 | There will be: |
| 46 | |||
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1.6 | 47 | (% class="mark" %)1 developing hazard in 13 clips(%%) |
| 48 | (% class="mark" %)2 developing hazards in the other clip(%%)" | ||
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1.3 | 49 | |
| 50 | |||
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1.6 | 51 | === {{id name="#2"/}}2. Choose clear typography. === |
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1.3 | 52 | |
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2.2 | 53 | "1" and "I" can look the same depending on the typeface, as can "0 and "O", so choose a typeface where these characters look sufficiently different and unique. Test with users if you're not sure. |
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1.3 | 54 | |
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1.6 | 55 | (% class="wikigeneratedid" id="H2.Avoidusing0and1iftheycouldcauseconfusionwithletters22O22and22I22or22l22." %) |
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3.1 | 56 | Avoid using 0 and 1 if they could cause confusion with letters. Make sure passcodes do not include characters that can cause letter confusion. |
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1.3 | 57 | |
| 58 | |||
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1.6 | 59 | === {{id name="#3"/}}3. Be specific with data. === |
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1.3 | 60 | |
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1.6 | 61 | Be specific and consider the context. 20% of 10 people is very different to 20% of 100. |
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1.3 | 62 | |
| 63 | |||
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1.6 | 64 | Example: |
| 65 | \\(% class="mark" %)"20 people"(%%) not "20% of the survey group" | ||
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1.3 | 66 | |
| 67 | |||
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1.6 | 68 | Keep data as accurate as possible, 2 decimal places is recommended. |
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1.3 | 69 | |
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1.6 | 70 | Example: |
| 71 | \\(% class="mark" %)4.03 MB | ||
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1.3 | 72 | |
| 73 | === === | ||
| 74 | |||
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1.6 | 75 | === {{id name="#4"/}}4. Use percentages. === |
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1.3 | 76 | |
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1.6 | 77 | Use a % sign for percentages: 50% |
| 78 | |||
| 79 | |||
| 80 | === {{id name="#5"/}}5. Use "to" for number ranges, not a hyphen. === | ||
| 81 | |||
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1.3 | 82 | Use ‘500 to 900’ and not ‘500-900’. |
| 83 | |||
| 84 | Addresses: use ‘to’ in address ranges: 49 to 53 Cherry Street. | ||
| 85 | |||
| 86 | === === | ||
| 87 | |||
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1.6 | 88 | === {{id name="#6"/}}6. Use years and months not just months. === |
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1.3 | 89 | |
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1.6 | 90 | For most audiences, writing the year followed by the month is most comprehensible. |
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1.3 | 91 | |
| 92 | |||
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1.6 | 93 | Example: |
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1.3 | 94 | |
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1.6 | 95 | (% class="mark" %)"1 year 6 months"(%%) not "18 months", "a year and a half" or "1.5 years". |
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1.3 | 96 | |
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1.6 | 97 | Below 1 year, use months: |
| 98 | \\(% class="mark" %)"6 months old" | ||
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1.3 | 99 | |
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1.6 | 100 | === |
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2.1 | 101 | {{id name="#7"/}}7. Use a space before KB and MB === |
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1.3 | 102 | |
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1.6 | 103 | Use KB with a space before for anything under 1 MB. Use MB with a space before for anything over 1 MB. |
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1.3 | 104 | |
| 105 | |||
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1.6 | 106 | Examples: |
| 107 | |||
| 108 | (% class="mark" %)569 KB(%%) not 0.55 MB | ||
| 109 | (% class="mark" %)4 MB(%%) not 4096 KB | ||
| 110 | |||
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1.8 | 111 | |
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12.1 | 112 | === {{id name="#8"/}}8. Write dates without "st", "nd", "th", known as cardinals. === |
| 113 | |||
| 114 | Do not use a comma to separate the year. Write the year in full. Spell out the month. | ||
| 115 | |||
| 116 | |||
| 117 | Example for UK: | ||
| 118 | |||
| 119 | (% class="mark" %)18 July 2019 | ||
| 120 | |||
| 121 | |||
| 122 | Example for US: | ||
| 123 | |||
| 124 | (% class="mark" %)July 18 2019 | ||
| 125 | |||
| 126 | |||
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1.3 | 127 | ---- |
| 128 | |||
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1.6 | 129 | == {{id name="#UEN"/}}Usability evidence == |
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1.3 | 130 | |
| 131 | [['The innate mind: Structure and Contents Part III > Number and natural language'>>url:https://philpapers.org/rec/LAUNAN]], 2005 | ||
| 132 | |||
| 133 | [['Formatting the value of a quantity'>>url:https://www.bipm.org/en/publications/si-brochure/section5-3-3.html]], 2006 | ||
| 134 | |||
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1.10 | 135 | [['Show numbers as numerals when writing for online readers'>>url:https://www.nngroup.com/articles/web-writing-show-numbers-as-numerals/]], J. Nielson, 2007 |
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1.3 | 136 | |
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7.1 | 137 | [['Knowledge of number and knowledge of language: Number as a test case for the role of language in cognition'>>url:https://philpapers.org/rec/DECKON]],** **De Cruz, H. and Pica, P., 2008. Locked |
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1.3 | 138 | |
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7.1 | 139 | [['Low levels of numeracy are a long-term problem for the UK'>>http://www.nationalnumeracy.org.uk/news/16/index.html]], National Numeracy update, National Numeracy YouGov Survey 2014, data sources: [[Skills for Life 2011>>url:https://www.nationalnumeracy.org.uk/research-skills-life-survey-2011]], [[PIAAC 2014>>url:https://www.nationalnumeracy.org.uk/research-programme-international-student-assessment-2014]], |
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1.3 | 140 | |
| 141 | [[GOV.UK Content principles>>url:https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/govuk-content-principles-conventions-and-research-background/govuk-content-principles-conventions-and-research-background]], UK Government, 2016 | ||
| 142 | |||
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12.1 | 143 | [[GOV.UK Style guide A to Z>>https://www.gov.uk/guidance/style-guide/a-to-z-of-gov-uk-style#dates]], Dates and number ranges, UK Government, 2016 |
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1.3 | 144 | |
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10.1 | 145 | [['Numeracy and decision making’>>https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01720.x]], Peters, E., D. Västfjäll, et al., Psychological Science, 17(5), pp. 407 to 413. 2006. Locked. Related free access article [['Affect and decision-making: a "hot" topic'>>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bdm.528]], Peters, E., D. Västfjäll, Gärling, T., Slovic, P. |
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1.8 | 146 | |
| 147 | [['Less is more in presenting quality information to consumers'>>http://library.mpib-berlin.mpg.de/ft/gg/GG_30_Chance_2005.pdf]], Peters, E., N. Dieckmann, et al, Medical Care Research and Review, 64 (2), pp.169 to 190. 2007 | ||
| 148 | |||
| 149 | [['‘‘A 30% chance of rain tomorrow’’: How does the public understand probabilistic weather forecasts?'>>http://library.mpib-berlin.mpg.de/ft/gg/GG_30_Chance_2005.pdf]], Gigerenzer, G., Hertwig, R., van den Broek, E., Fasolo, B., & Katsikopoulos, K.V., Risk Analysis, 25, 623 to 629, 2006 | ||
| 150 | |||
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8.1 | 151 | [['The Effect of Type Size and Case Alternation on Word Identification’>>url:https://www.jstor.org/stable/1421250?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents]], Smith, Lott and Cronnell, 1969. Semi-locked: free to access online with MyJSTOR account. |
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1.8 | 152 | |
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8.1 | 153 | [['Case alternation impairs word identification’>>url:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271957284_Case_alternation_impairs_word_identification]] Coltheart, M. and Freeman, R. 2013 |
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5.1 | 154 | |
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11.1 | 155 | [['Letter and symbol misrecognition in highly legible typefaces for general, children, dyslexic, visually impaired and ageing readers'>>https://typography.guru/journal/letters-symbols-misrecognition/]], Thomas Bohm, 4th edition, 2019 plus more [[typography writing and papers from User Design>>https://www.userdesignillustrationandtypesetting.com/awardsandpress/index.html]] |
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5.1 | 156 | |
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8.2 | 157 | [['Web style guide'>>https://webstyleguide.com/9-typography.html]] Chapter 9. Typography, Typefaces section, Lynch, P. and S. Horton, 4th edition, 2016 |
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8.1 | 158 | |
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1.3 | 159 | (% class="box" %) |
| 160 | ((( | ||
| 161 | See also: | ||
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1.6 | 162 | |
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1.7 | 163 | * [[Hyphens and dashes>>doc:Punctuation and abbreviating.Hyphens and en dashes.WebHome]] |
| 164 | * [[Plain English>>doc:Plain English.Plain English, simple sentences.WebHome]] | ||
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1.3 | 165 | ))) |